Modeling and Simulation Issues in Monte Carlo Calculation of Electron
Interaction with Solid Targets
Vladimir V. Ivin1 (

), Mihail V. Silakov
1,
George A. Babushkin
1,
Bing Lu
2, Pawitter Mangat
2,
Kevin Nordquist
3, Douglas J. Resnick
3
1SOFT-TEC, Nakhimovsky Prst. 34, Moscow 117218, Russia
( http://www.soft-tec.ru ).
2Motorola, Adv. Process Dev. & Ext. Research,
DigitalDNA(TM) Laboratories, 7700 S. River Parkway, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA
3Motorola Labs, 7700 S. River Parkway, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA
An accurate simulation of electron interaction with solid films and substrates
is essential for e-beam lithography process development and optimization. The
electron movement through a solid matter is commonly modeled via multiple
electron scattering at the substance atoms; in actual calculation the Monte
Carlo technique is typically used for simulating random electron scattering
acts. This approach assumes that the differential cross-sections (DCS) for the
processes of elastic and inelastic electron scatter at the atoms are known.
The accuracy of calculated electron-target interaction characteristics, such
as electron backscatter coefficient (BSC) or absorbed energy, is then
determined by the accuracy of the DCS used in simulation. However, it is known
that using more accurate DCS increases the total simulation runtime so a
balanced tradeoff between the accuracy and the speed of calculation should be
made in practical model applications. In this work we compare simulation
accuracy and efficiency of different Monte Carlo models for initial beam
energy 10-100 keV. The models in question include Rutherford versus Mott
elastic scatter DCS, Moller versus Gryzinski inelastic scatter DCS for
generation of secondary electrons, and continuous versus discrete electron
energy loss treatment in-between scattering acts. In all cases, the simulation
results are compared with published experimental data on electron BSC for a
variety of substrate stacks and beam energies.