A Kinetic Study of Analyte-Receptor Binding and Dissociation for
Biosensor Applications: A Fractal Analysis for Two Different DNA Systems
Anand Ramakrishnan and
Ajit Sadana (
)
Chemical Engineering Department, P.O. Box 1848, University of Mississippi,
University, MS 38677, USA
A fractal approach which takes into account the effect of surface
heterogeneity brought about by ligand immobilization on surfaces on the
binding and dissociation kinetics is presented here. The method provides us
with an attractive and convenient alternative to model (a) analyte-receptor
binding and (b) binding and dissociation kinetics for DNA biosensor
applications. Examples analyzed include using a DNA molecular beacon
biosensor and a plasmid DNA-(cationic polymer) interaction biosensor. The
molecular beacon example provides some insights into the nature of the surface
and how it influences the binding rate coefficients. The DNA-cationic polymer
interaction example provides some quantitative results on the binding and
dissociation rate coefficients. Data taken from the literature may be modeled,
in the case of binding, using a single-fractal analysis or a dual-fractal
analysis. The dual-fractal analysis results indicate a change in the binding
mechanism as the reaction progresses on the surface. A single-fractal analysis
is adequate to model the dissociation kinetics in the example presented.
Relationships are presented for the binding rate coefficients as a function of
their corresponding fractal dimension, Df, which is an indication of the
degree of heterogeneity that exists on the surface. When analyte-receptor
binding is involved, an increase in the heterogeneity on the surface (increase
in Df ) leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient.
Keywords: DNA biosensors; binding and dissociation rate coefficients; fractal
dimensions; heterogeneity